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Film · 1995

Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)

GHOST IN THE SHELL / 攻殻機動隊

Motoko Kusanagi sits with folded arms in an orange jacket.
©1995 士郎正宗/講談社・バンダイビジュアル・MANGA ENTERTAINMENT

Major Motoko Kusanagi of Public Security Section 9 investigates the Puppet Master, a hacker wanted internationally. In a world where networks reach into human brains, the suspect can manipulate memories and behaviour. Tracking a criminal becomes difficult when the evidence may include a person’s own sense of identity.

The name Puppet Master describes a method rather than a known individual. Kusanagi’s team can investigate incidents without yet knowing who is behind them. Their work takes place in a connected world that still has national and ethnic boundaries, so technological access has not removed political divisions.

Motoko Kusanagi’s mechanical body is connected to numerous cables in promotional artwork.
Promotional artwork for the 1995 film emphasises the body’s constructed, connected nature. © 1995 Shirow Masamune/KODANSHA · BANDAI VISUAL · MANGA ENTERTAINMENT

Kusanagi’s body makes the film’s question tangible before any account of the investigation. Promotional artwork shows exposed mechanisms and a mass of cables attached to a recognisably human figure. The hardware is visible, but an assembly diagram cannot settle the identity of the person using it. That tension accompanies a case in which memories themselves can be made unreliable.

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